Vaal River

            Vaal River is the largest tributary of the Orange River in South Africa. The river has its source in the Drakensberg mountains in Mpumalanga, east of Johannesburg and about 30 km north of Ermelo and only about 240 km from the Indian Ocean. It is 1,120 km in length, and forms the border between Mpumalanga, Gauteng and North West Province on its north bank, and the Free State on its south. It then flows westwards to its conjunction with the Orange River southwest of Kimberley in the Northern Cape.
             The main tributaries of Vaal River are: Harts River, Vals River, Waterval River, Bamboes Spruit, Blesbokspruit, Mooi River, Vet River, Renoster River, Riet River and Wilge River.

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Cape Town

             Cape Town (Kaapstad, iKapa), is the second-most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The city is famous for its harbour as well as its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, including such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. It had a population of 900,000. 
            The main landmarks of Cape Town are: Bo-Kaap, City Hall, Cape Town International Convention Centre, Clifton 4th Beach, University of Cape Town, City Bowl. 

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Kalahari desert

              The Kalahari Desert (Dorsland) is a large semi-arid sandy savannah in Southern Africa extending 900,000 square kilometres (350,000 sq mi), covering much of Botswana and parts of Namibia and South Africa. As semi-desert, with huge tracts of excellent grazing after good rains, the Kalahari supports more animals and plants than a true desert, such as the Namib Desert to the west. 
              The landmarks of Kalahari desert are: Botswana's Gemsbok National Park, Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Chobe National Park, Kalahari Basin, Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Makgadikgadi Pans.
              The Bushmen have lived in the Kalahari for 20,000 years as hunter-gatherers.They hunt wild game with bows and poison arrows and gather edible plants, such as berries, melons and nuts, as well as insects. Bushmen rarely drink water; they get most of their water requirements from plant roots and desert melons found on or under the desert floor.

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Namib Desert

                The Namib desert is a coastal desert in southern Africa. The Namib stretches for more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) along the Atlantic coasts of Angola, Namibia, and South Africa, extending southward from the Carunjamba River in Angola, through Namibia and to the Olifants River in Western Cape, South Africa. 
                 The Namib desert's landmarks are: Namib-Naukluft National Park, Naukluft Mountains, Skeleton Coast, Spitzkoppe, Sossusvlei, Deadvlei, Sperrgebiet. Although the desert is largely unpopulated and inaccessible, there are year-round settlements at Sesriem, close to the famous Sossusvlei area, and other small outposts in other locations.

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Limpopo river

            The Limpopo River (Vhembe) rises in central southern Africa, and flows generally eastwards to the Indian Ocean. It is approximately 1,750 kilometres (1,087 mi) long, with a drainage basin 415,000 square kilometres (160,200 sq mi) in size. The waters of the Limpopo flow sluggishly, with considerable silt content. Rainfall is seasonal and unreliable: in dry years, the upper parts of the river flow for 40 days or less.

             It flows through South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique. The major tributaries are Notwane River, Olifants River, Shashe River, Mzingwane River, Crocodile River, Mwenezi River and Luvuvhu River.

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Karoo desert

             The Karoo is a semi-desert natural region of South Africa. Its inland section, the Nama Karoo, has two main sub-regions - the Great Karoo in the north and the Little Karoo in the south. The western section is the Succulent Karoo, situated in a winter rainfall region near the Atlantic coast.
              The Great Karoo has an area of more than 400,000 square kilometers. From a geological point of view it has been a vast inland basin for most of the past 250 million years. At one stage the area was glaciated and the evidence for this is found in the widely-distributed Dwyka tillite.
                As the name implies, the Little Karoo is the smaller (and more southerly) of the two Karoo sub-regions. Locally it is usually called the Klein Karoo, which is Afrikaans for Little Karoo. Geographically it is a fertile valley (bounded on the north by the Swartberg, and on the south by the Langeberg and Outeniqua mountains). Although the boundaries of the region are not strictly defined, most people consider the western limit of the Little Karoo to be in the region of Barrydale and the eastern extremity around Uniondale.

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